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Objective To investigate the clinical value of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of pronator teres syndrome (PTS). Methods The high-frequency ultrasound was employed to examine and measure the median nerve of the pronator teres muscle in 30 patients with PTS and 30 healthy volunteers (control group).The long-axis diameter (LA),short-axis diameter (SA) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve were measured.The receiver operating characteristic curve of the median nerve ultrasonic measurement results was established,and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.The diagnostic efficiency of each index for PTS was compared with the surgical results as a reference. Results The PTS group showed larger LA[(5.02±0.50) mm vs.(3.89±0.41) mm;t=4.38,P=0.013],SA[(2.55±0.46) mm vs.(1.70±0.41) mm;t=5.19,P=0.009],and CSA[(11.13±3.72) mm2 vs.(6.88±2.68) mm2;t=8.42,P=0.008] of the median nerve than the control group.The AUC of CSA,SA,and LA was 94.3% (95%CI=0.912-0.972,Z=3.586,P=0.001),77.7% (95%CI=0.734-0.815,Z=2.855, P=0.006),and 78.8% (95%CI=0.752-0.821,Z=3.091,P=0.004),respectively.With 8.63 mm2 as the cutoff value,the sensitivity and specificity of CSA in diagnosing PTS were 93.3% and 90.0%,respectively. Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound is a practical method for diagnosing PTS,and the CSA of median nerve has a high diagnostic value.
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Humans , Forearm/innervation , Muscle, Skeletal/innervation , Median Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography/methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate imaging characteristics of papulopustular rosacea (PPR) by high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging.Methods:From August 2021 to August 2022, 30 patients with PPR were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. The 22-MHz high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler blood flow imaging was performed to measure the skin thickness, echo and blood flow parameters at the cheek, and the ultrasound results were compared between the two groups. Comparisons between groups were conducted by using t test or chi-square test. The diagnostic value was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:In the case group, there were 12 males and 18 females, and their ages ranged from 22 to 65 years (42.3 ± 12.8 years) ; in the control group, there were 10 males and 20 females, and their ages ranged from 24 to 62 years (41.0 ± 8.4 years) . The epidermal and dermal thicknesses at the cheek were significantly higher in the case group (132.64 ± 12.29 μm, 1 812.29 ± 85.52 μm, respectively) than in the control group (104.34 ± 14.45 μm, 1 671.77 ± 146.55 μm, respectively, both P < 0.05) . High-frequency ultrasound images showed that the case group was mainly characterized by irregular hypoechoic areas in the cheek dermis (80%) , while banded moderately echoic areas were common in the cheek dermis in the control group (90%) ; subepidermal low-echogenic bands and dermal irregular hypoechoic areas were more likely to appear in the case group than in the control group (93.33% vs. 43.33%, 80% vs. 10%, respectively, both P < 0.001) . Compared with the control group, the case group showed a significantly increased proportion of patients with abundant blood flow signals (93.3% vs. 10%, P < 0.05) , and significantly increased blood vessel diameters (1.60 ± 0.42 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.32 mm, P < 0.05) ; there was no significant difference in peak systolic blood flow velocity and vascular resistance index between the two groups (both P > 0.05) . The AUC of high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging quantitative parameters (including epidermal thicknesses, dermal thicknesses, and blood vessel diameters) was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.970 - 1.000) for the diagnosis of PPR, and the sensitivity and specificity were both 96.7%, which were higher than those of single parameter-based diagnostic model. Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging can help improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of PPR, by accurately and non-invasively measuring skin thickness and blood flow parameters.
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Objective:To discuss the effect of remnant cholesterol (RC) levels on carotid intima thickness (CIT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by ultra-high frequency ultrasound.Methods:A total of 60 patients with T2DM who received treatment in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2021 to July 2022 were prospectively recruited, and they were divided into a higher RC group (31 cases) and a lower RC group (29 cases) according to the RC levels. Thirty-one age, sex and body mass index(BMI)-matched healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Carotid CIT, carotid media thickness(CMT) and intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured by 24 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound probe. The difference of general clinical data, laboratory indicators and CIMT, CIT, CMT among the three groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CIT in T2DM patients were explored by multivariate regression analysis.Results:①There were no statistical significances in gender, age, BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CMT among the three groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistical significances in duration of diabetes, fasting blood-glucose and glycated haemoglobin between the two subgroups of T2DM (all P>0.05). ②Compared with the control group, CIMT and CIT were thicker in the T2DM group (both P<0.05). ③CIT was thicker in the higher RC group than in the lower RC group ( P<0.05), while the difference of CIMT was not statistically significant the two groups ( P>0.05). ④Multivariate regression analysis showed that RC was the influence factor of CIT in patients with T2DM(β=0.610, P=0.005). Conclusions:CIT is significantly thicker in T2DM patients with higher RC than in those with lower RC, and RC is the influence factor of CIT, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the detection of RC in T2DM patients.
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Objective:To explore the characteristics of vocal cord polyps and to study the application value of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of vocal cord polyps.Methods:A total of 169 patients diagnosed with vocal cord polyps ( 176 polyps in total ) by pathology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from December 2016 to September 2021 were collected, the ultrasonic image characteristics of vocal cord polyps were summarized, and the characteristics of thyroid cartilage calcification at glottic level and the influence of the calcification range of thyroid cartilage at glottic level on the display of vocal cord polyps were observed.Results:The sonogram images of all vocal cord polyps showed the localized uniform low echo between the upper cortex and the ligament layer, the morphology could be circular and flat, and all polyps could be divided into high tension type and low tension type, no blood flow signal was found in 96.8% of the polyps. Round polyps were more easier to be detected by ultrasound than flat polyps, but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). The incidence of thyroid cartilage calcification at glottis level was higher in men than in women, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The range of thyroid cartilage calcification at the glottic level affects the display rate of vocal cord polyps.With the increase of calcification range, the display rate of vocal cord polyps gradually decreased. There was significant difference in the display rate of vocal cord polyps between non calcification group and moderate calcification group, non calcification group and severe calcification group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Vocal cord polyps have typical sonographic appearance. High-frequency ultrasound can identify the morphology, location and size of vocal cord polyps. Especially for patients with no or mild calcification of thyroid cartilage at glottic level, ultrasound can meet the requirements of accurate diagnosis. It is expected to become an effective supplement to laryngoscopy, and apply for to the preliminary screening of vocal cord polyps and postoperative review.
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Objective:To explore the value of high frequency ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) with thyroid nodules.Methods:112 HT patients complicated with thyroid nodule disease in Department of Ultrasound in Yantai Yantaishan Hospital from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2020 were randomly selected for prospective study. All patients were diagnosed by routine ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound elastography, and underwent surgical exploration and pathological diagnosis. Taking the postoperative pathological results as the gold standard, the specificity, sensitivity, negative-positive predictive value of conventional ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound elastography in HT complicated with thyroid nodular disease were compared and analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.Results:There were 138 nodules in 112 cases, including 47 benign nodules and 91 malignant nodules. The specificity and sensitivity of routine ultrasonography were 80.85% and 78.02%, respectively; The specificity and sensitivity of high frequency ultrasound elastography were 87.23% and 90.11%. Compared with conventional ultrasound, high frequency ultrasound elastography had higher specificity and sensitivity in detecting lesions ( χ2=4.54, 4.25, P=0.026, 0.039) . The negative predictive value of routine ultrasonography was 65.52%, the positive predictive value was 88.75%, and the ROC was 0.775. The best diagnostic cut-off point was 3.04. The negative predictive value of high frequency ultrasound elastography was 82.00%, the positive predictive value was 93.18%, the ROC was 0.812, and the best diagnostic cut-off point was 32.89 kpa. Compared with conventional ultrasound, high frequency ultrasound elastography had higher negative and positive predictive values ( χ2=4.35, 4.48, P=0.031, 0.027) . Conclusion:High frequency ultrasound elastography can improve the negative predictive value and sensitivity in the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer, judge the benign and malignant lesions, and provide more accurate data for early surgical treatment.
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Objective:To investigate ultrasonographic manifestations of gonococcal infections of the penile skin and accessory glands in men, and to assess their clinical significance.Methods:From January 2014 to January 2021, male patients with gonococcal infections of the penile skin and accessory glands were collected from Department of Dermatology, Changshu No.1 People′s Hospital. The diagnosis had been confirmed by laboratory examinations, and these patients had not received relevant treatment. The real-time ultrasound imaging system SIEMENS ACUSON X300 was used to examine the penile skin and accessory gland lesions infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, with the probe frequency ranging from 7.5 to 15 MHz. Patients with tubular anechoic fluid-filled areas on the high-frequency ultrasound images received a single dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone (1 g) ; those with oval-shaped anechoic fluid-filled areas on the high-frequency ultrasound images received incision and drainage followed by intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone at a dose of 1 g once a day for 5 consecutive days; those with hypoechoic or mixed echoic areas on the high-frequency ultrasound images received intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone at a dose of 1 g once a day for 5 consecutive days, and if the nodules did not regress after 1-month treatment, local resection would be performed. One month after the treatment, the patients were followed up, and the efficacy was evaluated. Results:A total of 32 male patients with gonococcal infections of the penile skin and accessory glands were collected. They were aged 28.54 ± 3.27 years, all had a history of non-marital sexual contact, and the duration from non-marital sexual contact to the onset of symptoms was 4.45 ± 1.03 days. The disease course was 8.64 ± 1.87 days. Lesions were all solitary, and located at the external urethral meatus in 16 cases (50.00%) , at the glans penis in 7 cases (21.88%) , beside the foreskin frenulum in 5 cases (15.62%) , and at the penile raphe in 4 cases (12.50%) . Sixteen patients (50.00%) presented with sinus-like lesions, 9 (28.13%) with abscesses, 7 (21.87%) with nodules, and all had tenderness on palpation. High-frequency ultrasound examination showed tubular anechoic fluid-filled areas in 16 cases (50.00%) , oval-shaped anechoic fluid-filled areas in 7 cases (21.88%) , hypoechoic areas in 5 cases (15.62%) , and mixed echoic areas in 4 cases (12.50%) . Gonococcal infections involved the cavernous body of the urethra in 16 cases (50.00%) , cavernous body of the penis in 5 cases (15.62%) , and subcutaneous tissue of the penis in 11 cases (34.38%) . After the treatment, all the patients were cured.Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasound can be used in the assessment of skin lesions and selection of treatment regimens for male patients with gonococcal infections of the penile skin and accessory glands.
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Skin photoaging not only affects the appearance, but also is associated with skin tumors. It is very important to objectively and effectively evaluate photoaging. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of photoaging, but it can not be used repeatedly because of its invasiveness, and is not suitable for dynamic monitoring and evaluation of photoaging. Skin imaging technologies can realize in vivo, real-time and non-invasive two- or three-dimensional image analysis, which facilitate the visual assessment of skin photoaging. This review summarizes research progress in dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, high-frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in evaluation of photoaging.
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Objective:To analyze the feasibility of applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator and high-frequency ultrasound in superficial nerve positioning for detection anatomical location in the area of lateral lip of the iliac crest by lateral cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve(LCSN). The significance of using the nerve as a free sensory superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was discussed.Methods:The data of patients who underwent the repair of defects on limbs with free perforator flap or composite flap of superficial iliac circumflex artery carrying sensory nerve and the volunteers who agreed to have the location of the LCSN measured between October, 2018 and October, 2020 were collected. The LCSN were located by percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasound, and the patients were measured and located during surgery. Using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman graph to evaluated the consistency between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasound and the surgical positioning.Results:A total of 43 subjects, including 22 patients and 21 volunteers, were selected for locating the LCSN. Thirty-nine males and 4 females, with an average age of 39 years old and an average BMI of 24.08. The operation time of percutaneous nerve electrical stimulation was(6±1) min, and the detection distance was(80.7±5.9) mm. The high-frequency ultrasound was(23±4) min, and the distance was(81.2± 6.6) mm. The average operation time of surgical measured distance was(80.9±8.2)(65-100) mm, the diameter of nerve was(2.3±0.8)(1.0-4.0) mm, and the operation time was(5±1) min. A 95% CI of Passing-Bablok regression intercept and slope of operation, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasoundincluded 0 and 1, respectively. The points on Bland-Altman plot were distributed on both sides, and 95% CI of total mean difference, total intercept and slope included 0. Therefore, it was can be considered that the application of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasound in LCSN localization has good consistency.Conclusion:The location point of the LCSN crossing the iliac crest which detected by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and high-frequency ultrasound detection was close to the measurement taken during the operation. It was also showed that both of them can be used for preoperative locationing of the sensory branch of the sensory nerve flap, optimizing the design of the flap, shortening the operation time, and reducing the unnecessary injury in operation.
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Objective:To investigate the value of high-frequency ultrasound and shear wave elastography in preoperative evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) .Methods:A total of 95 patients with histopathologically confirmed cutaneous BCC were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan from January 2017 to December 2020, all of whom had underwent preoperative conventional ultrasonography and shear wave elastography. Conventional ultrasonography parametres including the maximum diameter, maximum infiltration depth, maximum blood flow velocity and resistance index were recorded, so were shear wave elastography parametres including the average Young′s modulus (Eave) , Young′s modulus standard deviation (Esd) and average Young′s modulus ratio (Eratio) . All the patients were divided into high- and low-risk BCC groups according to pathologic subtypes. Paired t-test was used to compare conventional ultrasonography and shear wave elastography findings between the 2 groups. Results:There were 15 cases in the high-risk BCC group and 80 cases in the low-risk BCC group. Compared with the low-risk BCC group, the high-risk BCC group showed significantly increased maximum depth of tumor infiltration (8.5 ± 4.6 mm vs. 4.5 ± 1.6 mm, t = 6.150, P < 0.001) , Eave (32.7 ± 11.2 kPa vs. 20.6 ± 5.1 kPa, t = 4.065, P = 0.001) and Esd (7.0 ± 4.1 kPa vs. 4.2 ± 2.1 kPa, t = 2.632, P = 0.018) , while there were no significant differences in the other measurement data between the two groups (all P > 0.05) . The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the maximum infiltration depth, Eave and Esd for the diagnosis of high-risk BCC were 0.775, 0.909 and 0.822 respectively, and Eave showed the best diagnostic performance. Using 25.7 kPa as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of Eave were 86.7% and 85.0% for the diagnosis of high-risk BCC, respectively. Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasound and shear wave elastography can facilitate differential diagnosis between high- and low-risk BCC.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of AI-SONICTM Thyroid system, a version 2.0 artificial intelligence (AI) automatic detection system, in the preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodules, and to evaluate the application value of AI automatic detection system version 2.0 in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by comparing with the subjective diagnosis conclusions of sonographers with different seniorities. Methods A total of 247 patients (325 thyroid nodules) admitted to the Department of General Surgery in our hospital from Aug. 2019 to Jan. 2020 were selected for this study. All patients underwent routine ultrasound examinations by a senior sonographer with 13 years of experience in thyroid ultrasound diagnosis and a junior sonographer with 4 years of work experience. At the same time, the patients were also examined by another sonographer with 20 years of work experience using AI automatic detection system version 2.0, without knowing the diagnosis conclusions of the above two sonographers. Kappa test was used to evaluate the consistency of the results of routine ultrasound examination of sonographers with different seniorities and AI automatic detection system version 2.0 and the postoperative pathological results. Results The postoperative pathology confirmed 229 malignant nodules and 96 benign nodules. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 85.15% (195/229), 66.67% (64/96) and 79.69% (259/325), 93.45% (214/229), 79.17% (76/96) and 89.23% (290/325), and 92.58% (212/229), 71.88% (69/96) and 86.46% (281/325) for junior sonographer, senior sonographer and AI automatic detection system version 2.0, respectively. The Kappa consistency test results showed that the diagnosis result of senior sonographer was highly consistent with the pathological diagnosis result (Kappa value 0.78, P＜0.01), while the diagnosis results of junior sonographer and AI automatic detection system version 2.0 were generally consistent with the pathological diagnosis result (Kappa values 0.55 and 0.74, both P＜0.01). Conclusion The sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of the AI automatic detection system version 2.0 AI-SONICTM Thyroid in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules are similar to those of routine ultrasound examination by senior sonographers, and the system might be a reliable auxiliary means for preoperative evaluation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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@#Dental caries detector is a kind of diagnostic tool specifically designed for dental professionals to detect and monitor the early occurrence and development of dental caries. They are widely used in the clinic because of their advantages of rapid detection, flexible applications, ease of carrying, intuitive detection results and lack of pain for the patient. However, due to the different types and principles of the instruments produced by various instrument manufacturers, the clinical application range, sensitivity and specificity of test results also show significant differences. In terms of the current clinical application effects, although the DIAGNOdent caries detector has the widest range of clinical use, the accuracy of its detection results needs to be improved because it is affected by factors such as pigments and dental materials. The Canary System caries detector can effectively avoid the interference of the above factors, but its classification of the degree of caries is not clear. The DIAGNOcam caries detector can effectively detect early caries, but it has low reliability for occlusal caries detection. The existing dental caries detectors on the market can be used only as clinical auxiliary tools, and the accuracy of the detection results and comprehensiveness of the detection range need further improvement. With the application of the new multispectral near-infrared scanning fiber endoscope (NIR-SFE) and high-frequency ultrasound imaging (HFUS) in the detection of dental caries, a more efficient and accurate diagnosis of dental caries is possible in the future. To this end, we still need to continue exploring new technology to help clinicians complete the early diagnosis and treatment of dental caries to improve the quality of life of their patients.
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Objective To investigate changes in thickness of the skin and muscular layer during the treatment with botulinum toxin A injections in patients with glabellar lines.Methods Twenty-six subjects with moderate to severe glabellar lines were enrolled into this study,who received botulinum toxin A injections in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2017 to February 2018.Before the injections,4 and 16 weeks after the injections,thickness of the dermis at the injection site was measured by using 50 MHz high-frequency ultrasound,and full thickness of the skin and thickness of the muscular layer were measured with 20 MHz high-frequency ultrasound.Repeated measures analysis of variance,paired ttest and Bonferroni method were used to compare the pretreatment and posttreatment tissue thicknesses measured by using high-frequency ultrasound.Results Before the injections,the thickness of the dermis,full thickness of the skin,thickness of the muscular layer were 2.01 ± 0.48,4.32 ± 0.73 and 4.51 ± 0.67 mm respectively.No significant difference was observed among the pretreatment,4-and 16-week posttreatment thickness of the dermis (F =1.94,P =0.199),while there were significant differences among the pretreatment,4-and 16-week posttreatment full thickness of the skin and thickness of the muscular layer (F =6.28,24.19,P =0.020,＜ 0.001 respectively).Four weeks after the injections,the full thickness of the skin significantly increased (4.88 ± 0.93 mm,t =3.72,P =0.004),while the thickness of the muscular layer significantly decreased (3.82 ± 0.79 mm,t =4.65,P =0.001)compared with the pretreatment thicknesses.Sixteen weeks after the injections,the full thickness of the skin (4.61 ± 0.73 mm) and thickness of the muscular layer (4.38 ± 0.90 mm) did not significantly differ from those before and 4 weeks after the injections (all P ＞ 0.016 7).Conclusions Botulinum toxin A injections can change the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue and muscular layer.High-frequency ultrasound can be applied to the evaluation of efficacy and to follow-up after the treatment of glabellar lines with botulinum toxin A injections.
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Background@#Due to advances in high-frequency ultrasound technology, it is easier to detect fine structures of skin lesions. The aim of this study was to examine the ultrasonographic features and use recurrence risk stratification to assess the diagnostic performance of pre-operative ultrasound examination of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).@*Methods@#This was a retrospective study. Forty-six BCC lesions underwent pre-operative ultrasound examination using 50- and 20- MHz probes. Ultrasonographic shape, margin, internal echoes, hyper-echoic spots, posterior echoes, and depth of the lesion were evaluated and correlated with the risk of recurrence based on histological features.@*Results@#Forty-two patients had 46 skin lesions in total. The high-risk (n = 6) and low-risk (n = 40) groups exhibited considerable overlap in the ultrasonographic manifestations and no significant difference in margin (χ2 = 3.231, P = 0.072), internal echo (χ2 = 1.592, P = 0.207), or posterior echo (P = 0.169). However, high-risk BCCs tended to be irregular in shape than low-risk lesions (χ2 = 4.313, P = 0.038). Both types presented hyper-echoic spots (χ2 = 1.850, P = 0.174). Additionally, 78% of low-risk lesions were confined to the dermis (31/40), and 100% of high-risk lesions infiltrated into the sub-cutaneous tissue, resulting in a significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 10.951, P = 0.001). Ultrasound detected sub-clinical lesions in five patients.@*Conclusions@#High-frequency ultrasound can provide important information for pre-operative evaluation of risk in BCC foci and reveal hidden lesions. The technique may play a crucial role in guiding therapeutic options for BCC.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of low frequency ultrasound combined with high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of polypoid lesions of gallbladder,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis. Methods From January 2013 to January 2017,87 patients with gallbladder polypoid lesions in Hankou Hospital were selected as the subjects,all the patients were checked by low frequency ultrasound and high frequency ultrasound,the results were compared with postoperative pathological findings. The diagnostic effect were compared between the low frequency ultrasound and low frequency ultrasound combined with high frequency ultrasound,and the consistency between the two inspection methods and postoperative pathological results was analyzed. Results The postoperative pathological report showed that among the 87 patients,59 cases ( 67. 82%) had gallbladder polyp, 6 cases ( 6. 90%) had adenomyosis, 10 cases ( 11. 49%) had gallbladder adenoma, 12 ( 13. 79%) had small nodular gallbladder cancer, 65 ( 86. 67%) had benign polypoid lesions,73 (97. 33%) had low frequency ultrasound combined with high frequency ultrasound. The accuracy of combined high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign gallbladder polypoid lesions was significantly higher than that of low frequency ultrasound (χ2＝5. 797,P＜0. 05); the specificity and positive predictive value of combined low frequency ultrasound and high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign gallbladder polypoid lesions were significantly higher than those of low frequency ultrasound(90. 00%and 41. 18%,97. 33% and 86. 67%) . The difference was statistically significant ( χ2 ＝6. 217, 5. 797, P＝0. 013,0. 016). Conclusion Compared with low frequency ultrasound,low frequency ultrasound combined with high frequency ultrasound improves the differential diagnosis effect of gallbladder polypoid lesions,which is worthy of clinical attention.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the application of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for monitoring the progression of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in nude mice.@*METHODS@#Twenty 4-week-old nude mice were randomly divided into CM group (=16) and control group (=4). In CM group, A375 cell suspension were injected subcutaneously on the back of the nude mice, and only culture medium was injected in the control group. The tumor growth was monitored by gross observation and with HFUS and OCT on a daily basis. The tumor formation rate, time, and size were recorded and melanoma visibility was assessed quantitatively using the contrast- to-background-noise ratio (CNR). Twentyfour days after cell implantation, the tumors were dissected for pathological examination.@*RESULTS@#The tumor formation rate was 87.5% in CM group. OCT detected tumor formation at an earlier time than HFUS. With the growth of the tumor, HFUS detected spots or bands of strong echoes, and flattening of the upper dermis could be observed in OCT; the of HFUS and OCT were obviously enhanced over time ( < 0.05). The tumor growth curve showed that OCT was more sensitive for measurement of the tumor thickness than HFUS. The length, depth and volume of the tumors measured by HFUS were significantly greater than those measured by OCT ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HFUS and OCT can monitor the dynamic development of cutaneous melanoma in nude mice, and their imaging performance differs in different stages of tumor development.
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Animals , Mice , Melanoma , Mice, Nude , Skin Neoplasms , Tomography, Optical Coherence , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
To explore the clinical application value of high‐frequency contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in guiding peripheral lung consolidation biopsy . Methods Clinical data of 33 patients with peripheral pulmonary w ho underwent high‐frequency contrast‐enhanced ultrasound biopsy were retrospectively analyzed . According to the pathological results as the gold standard ,the puncture path , needle tip display ,puncture complications and the diagnostic rate of pathological results were described . Results Among the 33 patients ,32 patients had pathological findings ,including 18 malignant lesions ,14 benign lesions ,and 1 non‐effective tissue . ①T he difference between lesion enhancement and peripheral lung tissue enhancement time within 2 .5 s were in 20 patients ( 12 benign ,8 malignant) ,12 patients ( 2 benign ,10 malignant) showed difference greater than 2 .5 s . T here were 19 cases with uniform enhancement ,including 9 benign cases ( 28 .1% ) ,10 malignancy cases ( 31 .3% ) ; 13 cases with uneven enhancement ,including 5 cases with benign ( 15 .6% ) ,8 cases with malignancy ( 25 .0% ) . T he rate of relatively uneven enhancement of malignant lesions was higher ,but the difference was not statistically significant ( P ＝0 .618 ) . ② High‐frequency contrast‐enhanced images were scored at 2 points or more in 28 cases ( 87 .5% ) ,and the high‐frequency contrast‐enhanced ultrasound images were satisfactory . ③Interventional puncture path score was 2 points or more in 29 cases ( 90 .6% ) . ④Puncture needle tip display were scored at 1 point or more in 28 cases ( 87 .5% ) . ⑤A total of 87 needles were punctured ,and 32 cases obtained pathological diagnosis of puncture ( 97 .0% ,32/33) . Conclusions Due to its high spatial resolution ,high‐frequency ultrasound can avoid adjacent tissues and blood vessels by showing the position of the needle tip in real time without the need of puncture frame and multi‐angle needle insertion during operation ,and accurately locate the target with good safety .
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Objective To study the application of laser speckle contrast algorithm in high-frequency ultrasound blood flow imaging. Methods The laser speckle contrast algorithm was extended to the field of high-frequency ultrasound blood flow imaging. The high-frequency ultrasound structure images were processed by using the classic laser speckle temporal contrast algorithm to suppress the static tissue signals, enhance the dynamic blood flow signals, and obtain the high-frequency ultrasound blood flow images. The simulation experiments on flow phantoms were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, and then human skin tissue in vivo experiments were performed to verify the applicability of the algorithm. The performances of blood flow images which obtained from ultrasound structure images with different frames by laser speckle contrast algorithm were compared and analyzed. Results The blood flow information in a tube was clearly visible in the flow phantoms experiments. The static skin tissue signals were significantly suppressed, dynamic blood flow signals were strengthened in the human skin tissue in vivo experiments, and high-frequency ultrasound blood flow images were obtained. By comparing and analyzing the performances of blood flow images, the results showed that the best blood flow images could be obtained when the number of frame was set to 10 frames. Conclusions The speckle contrast algorithm is feasible and has good application prospects in high-frequency ultrasound blood flow imaging.
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Objective To analyze the efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS),and to study the suitable diagnostic indicators and criteria of CTS for Chinese population.Methods High-frequency ultrasound was used to scan the median nerves of 67 CTS wrists and 67 normal wrists at the entrance,the middle and the outlet of carpal tunnels,and measured the cross-sectional area,diameter and flattening rate.Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity,specificity,and AUC of ROC curve of the different parts of carpal tunnels.Results Compared with normal subjects,the CTS patients has larger cross-sectional area,diameter and flattening value of the median nerve in different parts of the carpal tunnel,and the differences are statistically significant (all P＞0.05).Among the measured indicators,the cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the entrance of the carpal tunnel has a better AUC value and good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography has potential clinical significance for CTS diagnosis.The cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the entrance of the carpal tunnel can be used as a CTS diagnostic indicator for Chinese population,and it has good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
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Objective To study the consistency between pathology and the single and combined diagnosis of negative breast cancer by ultrasonography and mammography.Methods 90 clinical case data of patients with palpable negative breast tumors and mammography revealed small calcifications were retrospective analyzed.All patients were received the high frequency ultrasound.The value of two methods and combined diagnosis in the diagnosis of breast cancer with palpation negative were compared,which the pathological biopsy was the gold standard.Results The pathological showed that there were 58 cases of benign tumors,32 cases of malignant tumors,10 cases of stage 0,18 cases of stage Ⅰ,4 cases of stage Ⅱ.The high frequency ultrasonography was consistent with pathological(Kappa =0.641).The AUC of diagnosiing the breast cancer was 0.775.The molybdenum target radiography was consistent with pathological (Kappa =0.725),and the AUC was 0.830.The high frequency ultrasonography combined with molybdenum target radiography was highly consistent with pathological(Kappa =0.879),and the AUC was 0.934.The accuracy of combined diagnosis was higher than that of high frequency ultrasound (P ＜ 0.05) and molybdenum target radiography(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The high frequency ultrasonography and molybdenum target radiography have advantages in the diagnosis of palpable negative breast cancer.The joint diagnosis helps to achieve complementary strengths,has high consistency with pathology,and help to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
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Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound for Zenker diverticulum.Methods: 15 patients who were suspected as Zenker diverticulum through the diagnosis of using high frequency ultrasound were analyzed in the research. Their appearances of ultrasound were summarized, and these results were compared with barium meal at upper gastrointestinal tract and results of postoperative pathology, respectively.Results: In 15 patients, 4 cases were confirmed by adopting barium meal at upper gastrointestinal tract, and 11 cases were confirmed by adopting postoperative pathology. All of lesions in 15 cases were located on the back of left side of the thyroid gland, and there were 3 kinds of sonographic appearance. The first kind was equal echo lesion, and there were spots and schistoses without echo inside lesion, their form showed a semicircle shape. The second kind was hypoechoic, the form showed irregularity or semi cyclic annular, and the border was clear, and there were strong echogenic spots. The third kind was hyperechoic lesions, and the strong echo were movable with morphological changing after the slight pressure of search unit, and slim half ring low echo wall can be seen indistinctly around lesions.Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasonography is a convenient, rapid and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of Zenker diverticulum, and it is helpful to grasp its ultrasonogram characteristic and examination method in early detection of disease, avoiding misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Therefore, it has important clinical value.